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There are different techniques when performing a spinal canal stenosis operation. The expected results of all methods are very similar and the choice of operation will be decided by the surgeon. Endoscopic surgery differs from conventional open surgery by having a shorter postoperative recovery time and a much shorter return to work and sports activities since the aggression to the tissues is minimal.

Endoscopic surgery for canal stenosis can vary depending on the type, level and location of the stenosis. In cases of stenosis or foraminal hernia, uniportal endoscopy would be more indicated. In cases of stenosis of the central canal or the lateral recesses, uni or biportal techniques could be used. The result of the surgery is the disappearance of the radiating pain or the claudication of gait in the immediate postoperative period.

Figure 1: Example of canal stenosis with area of narrowing.

Figure 2: in orange the stenosis site is observed. Before and after spinal canal release. This is what is commonly known
as “laminectomy.”

Endoscopy is a new pioneering technique in Spain for patients with herniated disc or canal stenosis.

Doctors Christian Schinder and Augusto Covaro perform this technique respecting the muscles and minimizing hospital stay and recovery times.

Disc herniation occurs over time due to degenerative changes (wear) of the intervertebral disc, which can lose its flexibility, elasticity, and shock absorption characteristics. The hard fibrous wall of the disc may then weaken and split and no longer be able to contain the gelatinous substance in the center.

This material can bulge or protrude through a tear in the wall of the disc (herniation), causing pain when it compresses the nerve root (sciatica). A nerve is like an electrical cable. It tells your muscles to move and gives your brain information about various sensations such as pain, temperature, light touch, pressure sensation, and the position of your legs.

Lumbar nerve root pain (sciatica) usually goes below the knee and is felt in the area of the leg that innervates the particular spinal nerve. Symptoms also associated with sciatica include altered sensation, tingling, burning, numbness or even weakness of the leg muscles that the nerve supplies.

The definitive diagnosis of herniated disc is usually made by MRI.

Herniated disc surgery is perhaps the most grateful spine surgery. Radiating radicular pain (sciatica) disappears immediately. It can be performed through conventional open surgery, mini-open surgery with a microscope or through endoscopic surgery (mono or biportal). The technique chosen will depend on the type and location of the pathology.

It is very normal to experience some level of discomfort or pain in your back and legs in the immediate postoperative period. The medical and nursing staff will help you manage it with the appropriate medication. The symptoms of pain in the leg will no longer exist, although there may be some residual discomfort that may be relieved spontaneously in a few days.

The staff physiotherapist will visit you after the operation to teach you exercises and help you get out of bed. They will show you the correct way to move safely. Once you are confident and able to move independently, you will be encouraged to practice going up and down stairs. Once stable, you will be allowed to return home, sometimes the same day, but usually the day after surgery.

Wound Care